壮骨肾宝对实验性小鼠高脂血症的影响

目的观察由黄芪、白术、淫羊藿组成的复方制剂(壮骨肾宝)对实验性小鼠高脂血症的影响。方法用蛋黄乳液快速致小鼠单纯性高胆固醇血症和喂养高脂饲料致高脂血症模型 ,观察预防性给予不同剂量的壮骨肾宝后对血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL -ch)的影响。结果壮骨肾宝中、高剂量能使血清TC降低(P<0.05),HDL -ch升高(P<0.01) ,但对TG的影响不大。结论壮骨肾宝有一定降血脂作用 ,并与剂量有关     

HACCP在进口水产品加工过程卫生监管中的应用

为了加强对进口水产品原料进行来料加工的卫生监督管理．进一步提高出口产品的卫生质量．我们应用了危害分析和关键控制点(HACCP)的系统方式。评估进口加工全过程中相关的危害分析(HA)．确立需要控制和监测的关键控制点(CCP)．指导加工企业建立一种自行应用的卫生质量保证体系．以确保整个水产品加工全过程中的安全性和可靠性。     

基于HS-GC-IMS技术分析六神曲炮制前后（炒、焦）挥发性物质的变化

目的 分析六神曲Massa Medicata Fermentata炮制前后（炒、焦）的挥发性有机物特征及其变化规律。方法 采用顶空-气相色谱-离子迁移质谱（headspace-gas chromatography-ion migration mass spectrometry,HS-GC-IMS）测定六神曲生品、炒品和焦品的挥发性有机物,构建HS-GC-IMS指纹图谱,采用VOCal软件对检测到的成分进行定性和定量分析,运用主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）、偏最小二乘-判别分析（partial least squares-discriminant analysis,PLS-DA）、t检验等对样品进行差异性分析。结果 基于HS-GC-IMS技术从六神曲生品、炒品和焦品中共获得了80种挥发性有机物,定性鉴别出60种;构建了六神曲生品、炒品和焦品的HS-GC-IMS指纹图谱,通过PCA、PLS-DA、t检验等分析方法可将三者进行区分,己醛-D(hexanal-D)、乙醇（ethanol）2种物质可作为六神曲生品的特征性成分;丁醛（butanal）...     

中药类保健食品中地黄生熟异用的配方规律分析

目的:分析地黄在中药类保健食品中生熟异用下的配方规律。方法:收集国家市场监督管理总局(SAMR)特殊食品信息查询平台公布的生、熟地黄保健食品数据,对其保健功能及中药组方等进行统计,运用Apriori算法和Kulc、不平衡比参数对地黄生熟异用的保健食品配方规律进行分析。结果:保健食品中,生地黄主要用于辅助降血糖,熟地黄主要用于增强免疫力、缓解体力疲劳、改善营养性贫血。在辅助降血糖类生地黄保健食品中,生地黄主要与补气药、补阴药、解表药、解热药配伍,代表性组合为生地黄-黄芪-苦瓜;在增强免疫力类熟地黄保健食品中,熟地黄主要与补气药、补血药、补阴药配伍,代表性组合为熟地黄-党参-阿胶;在缓解体力疲劳类熟地黄保健食品中,熟地黄主要与补气药、补阳药、补阴药配伍,代表性组合为熟地黄-人参-淫羊藿、熟地黄-人参-枸杞子;在改善营养性贫血类熟地黄保健食品中,熟地黄主要与补气药、补血药配伍,代表性组合为熟地黄-黄芪-阿胶、熟地黄-黄芪-当归。结论:地黄在保健食品中的使用遵循生熟异用的规律,在不同保健功能中,组方配伍基本符合中医理论和现代医学理论,可为生、熟地黄保健食品研发提供借鉴和依据。     

黄秋葵多糖调控p73反义RNA 1T对宫颈癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的探讨黄秋葵多糖调控p73反义RNA 1T(TP73-AS1)对宫颈癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,及其作用机制。方法实验分为对照组(正常DMEM培养基),低、中、高剂量实验组(分别用含0.6,1.2,1.8 mg·mL^-1黄秋葵多糖的DMEM培养基)、si-NC组(转染TP73-AS1阴性对照质粒)、si-TP73-AS1组(转染TP73-AS1抑制表达质粒)、pcDNA3.1组(1.2 mg·mL^-1黄秋葵多糖+TP73-AS1阳性对照质粒)、pcDNA3.1-TP73-AS1组(1.2 mg·mL^-1黄秋葵多糖+TP73-AS1过表达质粒)。用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法检测细胞存活率,用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测TP73-AS1的表达水平。结果低、高剂量实验组和对照组、si-NC组、si-TP73-AS1组、pcDNA3.1组、pcDNA3.1-TP73-AS1组的细胞存活率分别为(71.67±3.08)%,(37.36±2.27)%,(100.55±3.68)%,(100.91±6.81)%,(57.12±4.98)%,(49.26±2.81)%和(81.19±7.09)%,细胞凋亡率分别为(14.67±1.40)%,(25.17±2.59)%,(8.38±1.22)%,(8.98±1.04)%,(19.42±1.90)%,(21.13±2.16)%和(10.23±1.06)%,TP73-AS1表达水平分别为0.67±0.07,0.28±0.03,1.00±0.10,1.01±0.10,0.52±0.05,0.42±0.04和0.76±0.06。低、高剂量实验组的上述指标与对照组相比,si-TP73-AS1组的上述指标与si-NC组相比,pcDNA3.1-TP73-AS1组的上述指标与pcDNA3.1组相比,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论黄秋葵多糖可抑制宫颈癌细胞增殖,促进细胞凋亡,其机制可能与下调TP73-AS1有关。     

基于16S rRNA技术分析黄连酒蒸前后对正常及2型糖尿病大鼠肠道微生物的影响

目的:基于16S rRNA技术研究黄连酒蒸前后对正常和2型糖尿病大鼠肠道菌群的影响,从肠道菌群的角度探讨黄连酒蒸炮制"减毒增效"的原理。方法:采用高脂饮食结合链脲佐菌素复制2型糖尿病大鼠模型。正常和模型大鼠分别按0. 8 g·kg~(-1)(按生药量计)每天灌胃生黄连生品或酒蒸黄连水煎液,阳性药组按0. 25 g·kg~(-1)每天灌胃二甲双胍溶液,连续给药30 d。每周测1次血糖,于给药第27天进行口服糖耐量的测定。于第30天取粪便后麻醉大鼠,取血进行酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测,解剖取结肠进行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色。基于16S rRNA基因测序技术对各个组大鼠肠道菌群的alpha多样性,beta多样性,菌群丰度及构成,及其与抗炎抗氧化的相关性等进行综合评价。结果:正常大鼠给予黄连生品或酒蒸黄连后,出现了一定的炎性反应,氧化-抗氧化系统失衡,结肠病理性损伤以及肠道菌群改变,表现出了一定的毒副作用,但酒蒸黄连的毒副作用低于生黄连。黄连酒蒸前后均能降低2型糖尿病大鼠的空腹血糖以及提高糖耐量,虽然酒蒸后作用有增强的趋势,但酒蒸前后无显著差异。2型糖尿病大鼠出现轻度的炎症反应和氧化-抗氧化系统失衡,表现为白细胞介素(IL)-6,核转录因子(NF)-κB和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P 0. 05,P 0. 01),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px),还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力明显降低(P 0. 01),黄连酒蒸前后均能抑制炎症反应以及氧化-抗氧化系统失衡,且酒蒸黄连作用优于黄连生品; 2型糖尿病大鼠出现明显的结肠病理性损伤,而黄连酒蒸前后均能减轻这种改变,且酒蒸黄连作用优于生黄连。2型糖尿病大鼠出现明显的肠道菌群紊乱,包括下调拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和Kiritimatiellaeota,上调变形菌门(Proteobacteria),放线菌门(Actinobacteria),酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria),绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi),蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia),黄连酒蒸前后均能减轻肠道菌群紊乱,且黄连对Kiritimatiellaeota,Cyanobacteria和Verrucomicrobia的调节作用强于酒蒸黄连,酒蒸黄连可以显著降低Chloroflexi水平,而黄连生品无此作用。肠道菌群可能与黄连酒蒸前后的抗氧化能力具有一定的相关性。结论:黄连酒蒸前后可通过调节肠道菌群而对2型糖尿病大鼠起到治疗作用,且酒蒸黄连疗效更佳;黄连酒蒸后对肠道菌群的"毒副作用"降低。黄连酒蒸"减毒增效"的炮制机制与肠道菌群密切相关。     

制甘遂与生甘遂对家兔结肠作用的观察

根据甘遂的传统应用,并以其引起家兔离体结肠收缩和收缩强度为指标,把生甘遂与制甘遂对乙醇取物进行药理观察。结果表明:生甘遂经炮制以后其作用强度和毒性都有明显减低。     

烧热病的病因研究

烧热病是20余年来发生于我国部分棉产区农村的一个新病种。我们通过对全国主要发病地区广泛的病因调查,并结合临床观察、实验研究和预防实践,终于查明本病是较长期大量食用粗制生棉油(其主要毒性成分为棉酚)所致的慢性中毒性疾病。本文介绍了病区粗制生棉油制油工艺的三种类型;并论述了确定本病病因的主要根据。     

Heavy metal accumulation in medicinal plants collected from environmentally different sites

Objective To estimate the heavy metal content in soil and selected medicinal plants procured from environmentally different sites of the same city. Methods Soil and plant samples of Abutilon indicum, Calotropis procera, Euphorbia hirta, Peristrophe bycaliculata, and Tinospora cordifolia were collected from 3 environmentally different sites of the city： heavy traffic area （HTA）, industrial area （IA）, and residential area （RA）. Pb by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry and compared Cd, Cr, and Ni were estimated in soil and plant samples Results The level of heavy metal was higher in soil than in plant parts studied. Accumulation of heavy metals varied from plant to plant. Pb was the highest in Calotropis procera root from HTA site and the lowest in Peristrophe bycaliculata whole plant from IA site. It was also lower in residential area than in heavy traffic area. Conclusion The level of heavy metal content differed in the same medicinal plant collected from environmentally different sites of the same city. Thus, it reiterates our belief that every medicinal plant sample should be tested for contaminant load before processing it further for medication.     

Aqueous extracts and polysaccharides from Marshmallow roots (Althea officinalis L.): Cellular internalisation and stimulation of cell physiology of human epithelial cells in vitro

Aims

Aqueous extracts from the roots of Althea officinalis L. (Malvaceae) are widely used for treatment of irritated mucosa. The clinical proven effects are related to the presence of bioadhesive and mucilaginous polysaccharides from the rhamnogalacturonan type, leading to the physical formation of mucin-like on top of the irritated tissues. No data are available if the extracts or the polysaccharides from these extract exert an active influence on mucosal or connective tissue cells, in order to initiated changes in cell physiology, useful for better tissue regeneration.

Methodology

In vitro investigations of aqueous A. officinalis extract AE and raw polysaccharides (RPS) on epithelial KB cells and primary dermal human fibroblasts (pNHF) using WST1 vitality test and BrdU proliferation ELISA. Gene expression analysis by microarray from KB cells. Internalisation studies of polysaccharides were performed by laser scanning microscopy.

Results

AE (1, 10 μg/mL) had stimulating effect on cell viability and proliferation of epithelial KB cells. RPS (1, 10 μg/mL) stimulated cell vitality of epithelial cells significantly without triggering the cells into higher proliferation status. Neither AE nor RPS had any effect on fibroblasts. FITC-labeled RPS was shown to be internalised into epithelial cells, but not into fibroblasts. FITC-RPS was shown to form bioadhesive layers on the cell surface of dermal fibroblasts. Microarray analysis indicated an up-regulation of genes related to cell adhesion proteins, growth regulators, extracellular matrix, cytokine release and apoptosis.

Conclusion

Aqueous extracts and polysaccharides from the roots of A. officinalis are effective stimulators of cell physiology of epithelial cells which can prove the traditional use of Marshmallow preparations for treatment of irritated mucous membranes within tissue regeneration.